Disaster Reconstruction: How Effective Are Tax Breaks?

On September 28 the Senate Finance Committee held a hearing looking at various tax incentives and how they will assist in Gulf Coast reconstruction operations. Governors Blanco of Louisiana, Barbour of Mississippi, and Riley of Alabama testified, and while they did not agree on preferred tax incentives, they all requested some form of tax benefits ranging from zeroing out capital gains taxes on investments to accelerated depreciation to various bond programs. Other witnesses, however, questioned the use of tax cuts as an effective method of providing post-disaster relief.
  • Daniel Doctoroff, the Deputy Mayor for Economic Development and Rebuilding for New York City who helped direct post-9/11 operations, told the Committee that in his experience tax provisions were a cumbersome method for delivering disaster assistance. He argued that benefits are provided only if businesses and economic growth respond to predicted forecasts, and mentioned that Congressional appropriations were a much better way of addressing relief and rebuilding needs.
  • George Yin, Chief of Staff for the Joint Committee on Taxation, also voiced skepticism regarding the effectiveness of tax incentives. He testified that tax breaks are particularly ineffective when addressing the needs of low-income earners, particularly because would-be beneficiaries are not aware of many of the tax provisions or how to obtain them. Also, low-income earners stand to receive less in tax benefits overall because they have less-taxable income.

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Tax Panel Postpones Recommendations, Again

The President's Advisory Panel on Tax Reform has once again postponed the date on which they will announce their tax reform recommendations to the U.S. Treasury. The original plans of the panel were stymied due to a dramatically altered legislative landscape in the wake of the recent disaster. Prominent democrats, including House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer (D-MD) and Rep. Rahm Emanuel (D-IL), a Ways and Means Committee member who also serves as his chamber's campaigns coordinator, are urging the panel to shift focus in their recommendations. Instead of working to pass tax cut extensions, they are hoping the panel will focus on the lower- and middle-class in its suggestions to the president. See the panel's website for more details.

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Like the Federal Deficit, CEO Pay is on the Rise

Along with deficits rising, it appears the ratio of CEO pay to worker pay is also rising. As this United for a Fair Economy report highlights, CEO pay has shot up over the past few years, and now, while the average CEO makes $11.8 million per year, the average worker makes $27,460 per year. The ratio has spiked from 301-1 to 431-1. Perhaps even more unsettling news is that 46 large companies who made more than $30 billion in profits in 2003 paid absolutely no income taxes that year. Also, the report notes that the CEO's presiding over the most underfunded pensions had salaries that were, on average, 72 percent more than other CEO salaries. Congressional GOP leaders and the administration often mention the "strong economy" we are currently experiencing. It is important to remember that while the economy may look strong for some, it is not strong for many of the workers who are earning a disgracefully low minimum wage.

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Frist Calls on Bush to Suspend Funding

Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist (R-TN) will call on President Bush today to give Congress a list of offsets to potentially make up for spending related to Hurricane Katrina. This request is partially based on the fact that Katrina spending has conservatives in both chambers of Congress worried about how this recovery spending will affect the nation's deficits. Frist will also apparently call on the President to do a formal Budget Act "rescission request" that would temporarily -- and possibly permanently -- suspend some federal spending to help pay for Katrina relief. According to an aide, Frist did not provide details on possible dollar figures, either for the offsets or the rescission request. Under the Budget Act provision (which is also known as impoundment authority) the White House can temporarily suspend federal spending for up to 45 days of "continuous session," typically 60 days from the date of the request. Suspending regular spending to deal with the cost of Katrina is neither responsible nor is it necessary. Yes, Katrina spending will add to our deficit, but the deficit can be brought down by a combination of responsible spending cuts and phasing out (or repealing) certain tax cuts. Frist's "responsible" call for a suspension on spending leads one to wonder where he and other prominent GOP leaders were when Bush passed trillions of dollars worth of tax cuts in 2001 and 2003.

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End of Fiscal Year Approaching

Fiscal year 2005 ends this Friday, Sept. 30, and House and Senate Republican leaders have not been able to pass all spending bills for FY 2006 on the floor. Thus, we can expect them to pass a stop-gap funding bill to cover federal government spending by the end of the week. According to an aide, GOP leaders in both chambers will push through a CR to fund government programs through Nov. 18. While some believe this extension will give appropriators sufficient time to wrap up their work on the outstanding FY 2006 appropriations bills, others think GOP leaders will not make their ambitious goal to pass all of the bills as separate measures this year. While the House has passed all eleven of its spending bills, the Senate has only passed eight of twelve, and only two of those have been given final approval and sent to Bush for his signature.

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Calls for Fiscal Sanity Grow Louder

Amid misguided and mostly rhetorical proposals for cutting other areas of the budget to pay for Katrina relief (while continuing to cut taxes further), there is a strong and growing number of media outlets, political leaders, policy experts, and regular citizens who are demanding fiscal sanity return to the nation's capital. USA Today, the paper with the country's largest circulation, joined the ranks of those calling for a reassessment of the president's tax cuts. The paper specifically called out those lawmakers whose support of reckless tax and budget policies have caused many of the fiscal problems we have today. The paper editorialized:
    The current hypocrisy is that lawmakers who participated in the spending, borrowing and tax-cutting binge that put the nation in hock are now clamoring for spending cuts to offset storm costs...Their case would also be stronger if they would be willing to revisit recent tax cuts. The first law of holes is: When you're in one, stop digging. It would be the height of irresponsibility, for instance, to cut estate taxes when natural disasters, the Iraq war and surging health care costs are exploding the deficit.

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GAO Comptroller: Evaluation of Tax Expenditures Necessary

Last Friday, General Accountability Office Comptroller David Walker strongly urged a "strategic, long range, and integrated" examination of tax expenditures to test their relevance and priority during a time when the federal budget is experiencing increasing strains. His comments came during the unveiling of a new GAO report recommending that the OMB and the Treasury take steps to ensure greater transparency of, and accountability for, tax expenditures. Walker emphasized to reporters, as he has in the past, the importance of putting the nation on a more "prudent and sustainable course for the long term." He insisted that doling out tax preferences has an impact on the government's bottom line, and at a time when we are experiencing high deficits, it is important to reevaluate some of those expenditures.

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FEMA Report Vague on how Money is Being Spent

By law, the Secretary of Homeland Security must provide Congress with weekly reports detailing how FEMA is spending Katrina relief funds. The first report was sent to Congress September 15, and the second was sent yesterday. According to Rep. David Obey (D-WI) -- ranking member on the House Appropriations Committee -- the second report sent to Congress has virtually no details in it, much like the first report.

Obey said, "We asked for specific information on how they are awarding contracts and who contracts are going to. Instead of telling us who is doing what and how, we got a few spreadsheets." In order to get spending details, Obey and Senate ranking member Robert Byrd (D-WV) had specifically sent a letter to the OMB. Their requests, however, were not heeded, and their letter never answered. Instead of knowing how the money is being spent, Obey said, "We don't know what the administration is doing because they don't know what they are doing. We don't know where the nearly $16 billion FEMA's allocated went, we don't know what they're planning to do with the $44 billion they've got left."

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2001 & 2003 Tax Cuts to Cost $225 Billion This Year

In an op-ed in today's Washington Post, E.J. Dionne, Jr. notes that although Republicans claim to be fiscally conservative, "our federal purse strings are in the hands of fiscal radicals." Spending in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina does have lawmakers on both sides of the aisle worried about potentially massive deficits. Some have been claiming a desire to take a fiscally responsible approach to spending, however cutting budgets while ignoring the costs of tax cuts is, in the long-run, not fiscally responsible at all. As was posted yesterday in the blog, members of the House Republican Study Committee proposed drastic funding cuts in order to offset Katrina spending; cuts that would -- as Dionne said -- take "$80 billion from Medicare and $50 billion from Medicaid over five years and suggest reductions in school lunches, rent subsidies for the poor and foreign aid, among other things." He goes on to point out, however, that the amount of money the 2001 and 2003 tax cuts is costing our country this year alone amounts to $225 billion -- which could more than cover the expected costs of dealing with Katrina. It doesn't, however, look like the Republican leadership is interested in pursuing this route to offset the costs of Katrina. Yesterday Bush pledged to join in on efforts to identify cuts elsewhere in the federal budget that can offset the expenditures for disaster aid, saying "I'm going to work with Congress to prioritize what may need to be cut." Cutting programs is the opposite of what needs to be done. In fact, many are arguing that a perpetual underinvestment in the infrastructure of our country is what allowed this disaster to spiral so radically out of hand in the first place.

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Senate Completes Work on Two Approps Bills

The Senate passed two approprations bills yesterday to fund discretionary programs for FY 2006. The FY 2006 budget proposal for the Agriculture Department was voted on and passed 97-2. The bill includes $17.348 billion in discretionary spending and $82.81 billion in mandatory spending (total $100.158 billion). This amount was $506 million over the House's mark and the $597 million over the president's request. The Senate also passed their mark for the Military Quality of Life/Veterans Affairs Bill, recommending that $85.2 billion be appropriated for FY 2006. The House recommended the same amount of funding when they passed their mark in May, surpassing the President's request by $1.1 billion.

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