On Feb. 1, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) expanded its inquiry into government spying on U.S. nonprofit groups by filing multiple Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests with the Department of Defense (DOD), in order to determine the full extent of monitoring by the Pentagon. The new ACLU information requests seek information on four national groups and several local groups in six states. Further review of documents already released to the ACLU reveals that the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has used reports by right-wing groups in its investigations. The ACLU requests seek all documents maintained by the DOD, including its TALON database. TALON, which stands for Threat and Local Observation Notice, was launched in 2003 to track groups and individuals with "links" to terrorism. Leaks to the media in December 2005, however, revealed that TALON was also being used to spy on peace groups. The ACLU requests also seek details on whether TALON records have been or will be shared with other agencies. In a statement released by the ACLU, announcing the new FOIA requests, Associate Legal Director Ann Beeson said, "Unchecked government spying has a chilling effect on free speech and causes Americans to think twice before expressing dissent or engaging in lawful protests." In January, after the uncovering of TALON and other spying on domestic groups and the outcry it sparked, Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon England ordered intelligence personnel to get "refresher training" on collection and use of information on U.S. citizens. The groups identified in the ACLU's recent FOIA requests are the American Friends Service Committee, Veterans for Peace, United for Peace and Justice, Greenpeace and dozens of groups in California, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island. A press release from the Maine Civil Liberties Union said the group found evidence of FBI interception of communications from members of the Maine Coalition for Peace and Justice. It joined the recent FOIA requests to DOD, asking for information on three peace groups and itself. In California, students at UC Santa Cruz and UC Berkeley learned in December 2005 that they were the subject of TALON investigations. An ACLU of Northern California press release, announcing that its request for further documents, said, "Students should be able to freely express themselves on campus without fear of ending up in a military database." An ACLU of Pennsylvania press release said its FOIA requests were filed on behalf of seven organizations, while press release from the ACLU of Florida said the chapter sought DOD information on nine organizations and four individuals. Meanwhile, a review of previously released documents by the ACLU and National Public Radio (NPR) showed that the FBI is using research reports about environmental groups from right-wing think tanks in conducting its domestic surveillance of nonprofits. NPR's Living on Earth guest host Jeff Young described searching through nearly 2,000 pages of FBI documents and concluded the FBI investigation of the environmental group Greenpeace depended "pretty heavily on research done by a couple of think tanks that are very conservative, pro-business, anti-regulation in their mindset and their mission." The two groups were identified as the Capital Research Center and the Washington Legal Foundation. Capital Research Center's website says the group analyzes "organizations that promote the growth of government and in identifying viable private alternatives to government regulatory and entitlement programs." The Washington Legal Foundation's site says its mission is "advocating free-enterprise principles, responsible government, property rights, a strong national security and defense, and a balanced civil and criminal justice system."